Please don't take this the wrong way. I do not intend to be negatively critical (but even before I've typed it, I can image it being construed as such, hence my disclaimer

).
First (and there's nothing wrong with running Windows, nor running it in conjunction with Linux or any other OS, be that multiple machines, dual-boot or virtualization), shake any Windows pre-conceptions when discussing Linux (whether that be what is, or what you hope will be). Comparing
ideas is fine (from a "flow chart" point of view), but trying to do direct comparisons will fail, and probably aggravate some people as they struggle to (possibly perceptually) convey their own viewpoint during the discussion.
Second, Windows "Restore Points" have their own issues. I would be more apt to consider Apple's "Time Machine" as more worthy of emulation. Having said that, the tools already exist to do this...it's more a matter of putting them together (which is been done already, also). One tool of interest is
rsync, which can make copies of changed data based on differentials, considerably saving space (and bandwidth, which was it's original intent). Do a search in Synaptic for it, and check out the backup software already available for PCLOS using it.
boxbackup,
luckybackup,
grsync,
duplicity to name a few off the top...
Third, even on a single-user, desktop system, you should consider breaking your backup priortities into at least two sections. System (OS and all related files required to get a running system) and Data (created by the end-user, generally not available for re-installation anywhere, and possibly non-recreate-able (such as photos, etc)
For the System portion, you really can't beat
mylivecd. This originated as a unique PCLOS development (if I am not mistaken), and is the best implementation of any bare-metal disater recovery option I have ever seen, bar none. It gets all your apps (and, optionally, user settings withing certain size constraints) back to a "point in time". Additionally, it gracefully handles hardware that may radically differ from the original system, not to mention that the lic. allows multiple installs on additional hardware. Truly spectacular!
For user data, a backup solution that saves specific files is better (then individual items can be restored without impacting the OS). Additionally, such a tool does not require access to the OS files, only user's. Each user (on a multi-user system) can have their own backup schedule that reflects their individual needs. Tools like "Time Machine" (such as Back In Time, and others) give the ability to "go back" to previous versions with minimal space considerations (only the space to store the changes is required...this could be large or small, depending on the changes made).
There are many (many!) native tools available to accomplish such tasks. Some are easy, and some are hard. Some are comprehensive and some are limiting. Ask for opinions, if you're not sure what to use...or try a few out and see what you like. Everyone's different. Myself, I'm happy with
tar. That's probably too low-level for many, but that doesn't invalidate it as a choice.
$0.02
