First, after an unclean shut down, always boot from the livecd and use fsck -f on your unmounted partitions.
Second, learn the Alt+ SysRq R-E-I-S-U-B codes to shut down cleanly or regain control. Were you not able to Ctrl+Alt+F1 into a text terminal to log in and shut down there?
Third, If the desktop is still broken follow T6's instructions above.