you may, but that may take much more effort compared to simply reinstalling.
You could, for example, just dump content of "/usr/" from a system that works to a system thats borked.But then, how certain will be that no important binary from "/sbin" was also removed? copying over everything in "/" is more or less the same as installing from a remaster.
If you have a home folder in a separate partition, reinstalling is more or less the same as "copying over critical system files".