the virtual machine does not access the real hardware
the virtual machine has a virtual video card, a virtual sound card, a virtual network adapter(intel card i think it has now) bridged to wifi or ethernet depending what you have, a virtual chipset, virtual ram, virtual hard disk space on a file on your hard disk partition and a virtual core form your cpu, this part, sometimes the cpu gives 2 cores if possible but it depends on the type of cpu and how many cores you have, in my case, where i have a single core atom, the cpu is shared, it is the only part of the hardware that is reported by his real name with real details
what is done by the virtual machine is then processed by virtualbox and then moved to the real os as a task to do via plugins and drivers and then it reaches sound card, chipset , video card, ethernet or wifi and cpu depending what is required and then goes back depending on the task following that route, everything inside the virtual machine is just part of a task made by virtualbox, not a real os on real hardware