Well, that's a bit of a problem, isn't it! As far as I can see the basic hardware configuration is OK, with the Control Center reporting:
Your card currently use the ALSA "snd_hda_intel" driver (default driver for your card is "snd_hda_intel")
which (give or take a grammatical quibble) would seem to confirm that the correct driver is in place. The only inconsistency from following through the Control Center/Sound Card/Advanced/Trouble Shooting tests is that when I tried to use "aumix -q" I got the error message "aumix: command not found". However, Synaptic tells me that what I've got installed is aumix-text, and when I run "aumix-text -q" I get:
[my_ID@localhost ~]$ aumix-text -q
vol 70, 70
line 0, 0
pcm2 0, 0
igain 0, 0
dig1 100, 100
[my_ID@localhost ~]$
which is odd, because KMix tells me I have PCM at 100%, not PCM2 at 0%. and "igain" in the aumix-text result doesn't appear to correspond to anything in the KMix settings, and stays stubbornly at 0% whatever I do. However, having run alsaconf from this position, and with only Master and PCM set to 100% in KMix, I get sound from my speakers, and the aumix-text output in this state is:
[my_ID@localhost ~]$ aumix-text -q
vol 100, 100
line 0, 0
pcm2 0, 0
igain 0, 0
dig1 100, 100
[my_ID@localhost ~]$
which if 'vol' is interpreted as 'Master' and 'dig1' as PCM, makes some sort of sense. What doesn't seem to make much sense, of course, is that this is exactly the same pattern of settings as those given (see first quote) when the alsaconf effect had been lost after a re-boot.
I intended this response as clarification; whether it has clarified anything is a moot point, but I'm open to further comments. BTW, where is the data stored which alsaconf modifies?