Glad you got it somewhat sorted

If you made manual edits of files connected with the sound then that is the most likely cause of the troubles. Maybe you could rectify those .....
I didn't manually edit any files in the effort to get TV speaker sound but I did try just about every combination of settings in a zillion audio device choices. So who knows. I do think there is something about hotplugging an audio device that I could check into it more. This is the only USB device I have with audio. I have a camera that is also a webcam but it has no mic, it does not crash anything here. I think a friend has little USB speakers they use with their laptop, I might ask to try them out and see what happens.
Sorry to hear about your layoff. I can relate. Hope you find gainful employment. And, don't believe all the hype about the "death of the desktop".

I am hoping too. Gainful employment and the continued existence of the desktop. Because you can't build a laptop I did put in more memory and a new hard drive into Old Lappy but that just isn't the same.